Sphingolipid metabolic network

The sphingolipid metabolic network. The core biochemical network of the sphingolipid metabolism and the relation to the phosphatidate (LPA) and redox (Radical) networks. The canonical de novo pathway is initiated by a condensation of serine and palmitate by serine palmitoyltransferase (1). The product 3-keto-sphinganine is further processed to sphinganine by 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (2), which can either by phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase (12) or converted to dihydroceramide by dihydroceramide synthase (3) and finally emerging as ceramide by the action of dihydroceramide desaturase (4). The faith of ceramide is then determined by the balance and interaction of several enzymes including ceramidase (8), sphingosine kinase (12), sphingomyelin synthase (5), sphingomyelinase (9), UDP-galactosyl ceramide glycosyltransferase (7)-galactosidase (11),UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (6), and-glucosidase (10). Ceramide may also be phosphorylated to ceramide-1 phosphate by ceramide kinase (14), which may be reverted by a putative ceramide phosphatase (15). Sphingosine-1 phosphate may be dephosphorylated by sphingosine-1 phosphate phosphatase (13) or irreversibly degraded by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase. Many of these enzymes has two or several isoforms. For a review see e.g., Lahiri and Futerman (). The salvage pathway (Lysosome) refers to the re-generation of sphingosine by acidic sphingomyelinase, galactosidase, and glucosidase that generates ceramides, which is further decomposed to sphingosine by acidic ceramidase. Please refer to Table for abbreviation of the enzymes. For further information of the phosphatidate and redox metabolism related to the sphingolipid metabolism (see e.g., Ghelli et al., ; Won and Singh, ).

Publication

Network-based analysis of the sphingolipid metabolism in hypertension. (2015) Mogens Fenger, et al. Front Genet. 2015;6:84. Figure: F1. All organisms Homo sapiens Rattus norvegicus Drosophila melanogaster Danio rerio

Disease mentions