Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin processing and the regulation of energy balance

Diagram showing the interaction of the leptin and insulin signaling pathways in both the transcriptional regulation of Pomc and in the regulation of POMC procesing and the enzymes responsible for POMC procesing. Leptin (via STAT3) stimulates Pomc gene transcription but also stimulates the genes Psck1 and Psck2 for the procesing enzymes, PC1/3 and PC2. The transcription factor, Nhlh2, also stimulates Psck1 and Psck2. FoxO1, part of the insulin signaling pathway, inhibits Pomc gene transcription and also inhibits the processing enzyme, CPE which is responsible for the generation of α-MSH from ACTH 1–17 and for the C-terminal cleavage of β-EP 1–31 to β-EP 1–27/1–26. CPE also serves as a sorting receptor that sorts POMC to the regulated secretory pathway. PRCP is an enzymes responsible for the degradation of α-MSH. (EP = Endorphin; PC1/3 and PC2= Prohormone convertases 1/3 and 2; CPE= Carboxypeptidase E; PRCP = Prolylcarboxypeptidase; nhlh2= nescient helix-loop-helix2).

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Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin processing and the regulation of energy balance. () Sharon L. Wardlaw. Eur J Pharmacol. ;660(1):213-219. Figure: F2. All organisms Homo sapiens Mus musculus Rattus norvegicus Danio rerio

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