Schema of pathways producing and utilizing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived H2O2
Schema of pathways producing and utilizing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived H2O2. Reduced thiols (-SH) of cysteine residues in nascent proteins are oxidized by catalytically competent protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) to promote protein folding with native disulfide bonds (S-S). PDI can be re-oxidized by ERO1, with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) embedded in its active site, which reduces molecular oxygen (O2) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ER-resident antioxidants PRDX4, GPX7, and GPX8 oxidize their catalytic domain by utilizing H2O2 (-SOH = sulfenic acid) and mediate “the disulphide relay” to PDI. NOX4 produces H2O2 over superoxide on the ER membrane, unlike other NOX family proteins. Reproduced from Konno et al. (2021) [70]
Publication
Cellular Senescence and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Obesity—A Narrative Review (2024) Yicong Liang, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul;25(14). Figure: F2.| Organism | Group | Word | Match | Source | NCBI Symbol | NCBI ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PDI | PDI | ncbigene_synonym | P4HB | 5034 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PDI | PDI | ncbigene_synonym | PADI1 | 29943 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PDI | PDI | ncbigene_synonym | PDIA2 | 64714 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | NADPH | NADPH | ncbigene_synonym | DECR1 | 1666 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | NOX4 | NOX4 | ncbigene_symbol | NOX4 | 50507 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | SIS | SIS | ncbigene_synonym | PDGFB | 5155 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PRDX4 | PRDX4 | ncbigene_symbol | PRDX4 | 10549 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | GPX8 | GPX8 | ncbigene_symbol | GPX8 | 493869 |
| Word | Match | MeSH | Name | ChEBI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| protein | Protein | a protein | chebi:16541 | |
| HS- | HS- | thiol group | chebi:29917 | |
| HS- | HS- | thiol group | chebi:29917 | |
| S-S | S-S | L-seryl-L-serine | chebi:73653 | |
| S-S | S-S | L-seryl-L-serine | chebi:73653 | |
| NADPH | NADPH | 2'-O-phosphonatoadenosine 5'-{3-[1-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-1,4-anhydro-D-ribitol-5-yl] diphosphate} | chebi:57783 |
Disease mentions
| Word | Match | MeSH | Name | DOID |
|---|