Diverse types and molecular mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathway

The diverse types and molecular mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathway. This diagram illustrates the classification and members of the Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway can be categorized into three classes: (1) Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction, (2) Wnt/PCP signal transduction, (3) Wnt/Ca2+ signal transduction. In the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Wnt ligands bind to Frizzled receptors and LRP co-receptors, leading to the activation of the disheveled protein and subsequent inactivation of Axin protein. This results in the accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm, its translocation into the nucleus, and binding to TCF/LEF transcription factors, ultimately inducing downstream gene expression. Wnt/PCP signaling pathway involved in cell polarity, tissue morphogenesis, cell adhesion, and directional migration through JNK and Rho GTPase signaling pathways. The Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway modulates gene expression and cell behavior by regulating intracellular Ca2+ levels. Abbreviations: Wnt, Wingless-related integration site; LRP, Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; GSK3β, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; CKIα, Casein kinase I alpha; Axin, Axis inhibitor; APC, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; TCF, T-cell factor; LEF, Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor; RAC1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; DAMM1, Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; RhoA, Ras homolog family member A; c-JUN, Cellular Jun oncogene; ROCK2, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2; AP-1, Activator protein 1; PIP2, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; IP3, Inositol trisphosphate; DAG, Diacylglycerol; CDC42, Cell division control protein 42 homolog; TAK1, Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1; CAMKII, Ca2+/calmodulim-dependent protein kinase II; NFAT, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells.

Publication

Unlocking the role of non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer progression: exploring the interplay with the Wnt signaling pathway (2023) Tong Bu, et al. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14(20):1269233. Figure: F1. Homo sapiens

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