Signaling pathways and targets of saponins against neuroinflammation in AD

The signaling pathways and targets of saponins against neuroinflammation in AD. (1). Theasaponin E1, CK, PGS, and AS-IV, regulate targets of NF-κB signaling pathway; (2). Dioscin, regulates targets of RAGE/NOX4 signaling pathway; (3). Platycodigenin, regulates targets of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; (4). Ginsenoside Rg5, regulates targets of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; (5). PLD, regulates targets of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway; (6). NTR2, regulates targets of miR-27a/SOX8/β-catenin signaling pathways; (7). BF, AS-IV, Ginsenoside Rg1, Timosaponin BII, ginsenoside Rb1, and PF11, regulate various inflammatory factors, such as IL-16, IL-1β, etc.; (8). Ginsenosides Rd and hyo, enhance the expression of many anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-10 and Hsp70, in addition to reducing inflammatory factors. The above saponins suppress neuroinflammation in AD through regulating targets of these signaling pathways

Publication

Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease: Saponins (2023) Ruifeng Zhang, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul;24(13). Figure: F4. Homo sapiens

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