Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy
The possible mechanism of diabetes and sarcopenia. In diabetes, insulin resistance inhibits protein synthesis pathways leading to decreased muscle mass. The increase of inflammatory cytokines, ROS, Myostatin and Calpain related to diabetes will not only inhibit the protein synthesis pathway, but also increase the protein catabolism pathway, thereby causing further decline in muscle mass. Hyperglycemia causes decrease of WWP1, which leads to increase of KLF15, which further aggravates the protein catabolic pathway and leads to muscle atrophy.
Publication
The Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy. (2023) Huiling Chen, et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:1541-1554. Figure: F2.| Organism | Group | Word | Match | Source | NCBI Symbol | NCBI ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | PIK3CA | 5290 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | PIK3CB | 5291 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | PIK3CD | 5293 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | PIK3CG | 5294 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R3 | 8503 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R4 | 30849 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R5 | 23533 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R6 | 146850 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R1 | 5295 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | PI3K) | PI3K | famplex_relations | PIK3R2 | 5296 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | Akt | AKT | ncbigene_synonym | AKT1 | 207 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | Akt | AKT | famplex_relations | AKT2 | 208 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | Akt | AKT | famplex_relations | AKT3 | 10000 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | IRS1 | IRS1 | ncbigene_symbol | IRS1 | 3667 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (mTOR) | MTOR | ncbigene_symbol | MTOR | 2475 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | FOXO | FOXO | famplex_relations | FOXO1 | 2308 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | FOXO | FOXO | famplex_relations | FOXO3 | 2309 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | FOXO | FOXO | famplex_relations | FOXO4 | 4303 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | FOXO | FOXO | famplex_relations | FOXO6 | 100132074 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | IL-6 | IL-6 | ncbigene_synonym | IL6 | 3569 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | ncbigene_synonym | SOAT1 | 6646 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT1 | 6772 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT2 | 6773 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT3 | 6774 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT4 | 6775 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT6 | 6778 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT5A | 6776 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (STAT) | STAT | famplex_relations | STAT5B | 6777 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | MURF-1 | MURF1 | ncbigene_synonym | TRIM63 | 84676 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | UPS | UPS | ncbigene_synonym | HMBS | 3145 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | ncbigene_synonym | NFKB1 | 4790 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | famplex_relations | RELA | 5970 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | famplex_relations | RELB | 5971 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | famplex_relations | REL | 5966 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | famplex_relations | NFKB2 | 4791 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | Samd2/3 | SAMD3 | ncbigene_symbol | SAMD3 | 154075 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | Samd2/3 | SAMD2 | ncbigene_synonym | SARM1 | 23098 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | (WWP1) | WWP1 | ncbigene_symbol | WWP1 | 11059 |
| Homo sapiens | Primates | KLF15 | KLF15 | ncbigene_symbol | KLF15 | 28999 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | Pi3K21B | 33203 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | Pi3K59F | 37733 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | Pi3K68D | 39329 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | PI3K) | PI3K | ncbigene_synonym | Pi3K92E | 42446 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | Akt | AKT | ncbigene_symbol | Akt | 41957 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (mTOR) | MTOR | ncbigene_symbol | Mtor | 36264 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (mTOR) | MTOR | ncbigene_synonym | Tor | 47396 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | FOXO | FOXO | ncbigene_symbol | foxo | 41709 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (STAT) | STAT | ncbigene_synonym | Stat92E | 42428 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | UPS | UPS | ncbigene_symbol | ups | 247035 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | ncbigene_synonym | Dif | 35045 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | ncbigene_synonym | dl | 35047 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | (NF-KB) | NFKB | ncbigene_synonym | Rel | 41087 |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Invertebrates | KLF15 | KLF15 | ncbigene_symbol | Klf15 | 31410 |
| Word | Match | MeSH | Name | ChEBI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenolic | NA | mesh:C017616 | ||
| Myostatin | NA | mesh:D055435 | ||
| Ca2+ | Calcium | mesh:D002118 | calcium atom | chebi:22984 |
Disease mentions
| Word | Match | MeSH | Name | DOID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| atrophy | NA | mesh:D001284 | ||
| Hyperglycemia | NA | mesh:D006943 |