Schematic diagram showing the main components of the TGFB signaling pathway

Schematic diagram showing the main components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. TGF-β signals through a pair of transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors known as the type I (TβRI, also known as ALK5) and type II (TβRII) TGF-β receptors. TGF-β binds TβRII, a constitutively active kinase, which then associates with ALK5 resulting in the formation of a ternary signaling complex. TβRII phosphorylates ALK5 resulting in activation of the ALK5 kinase activity. Activated ALK5 then phosphorylates intracellular Smad2 and Smad3 proteins, which form a complex with Smad4 and enter the nucleus where they regulate gene transcription in co-operation with various coactivators or corepressors. Smad7 expression is induced by TGF-β and acts in a negative feedback loop to inhibit TGF-β signaling by binding to activated ALK5 and preventing Smad2/3 phosphorylation. ALK5, activin receptor-like kinase 5; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/wound

Publication

Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Lessons Learned from Animal Studies. (2013) Kenneth W. Finnson, et al. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2013 Jun;2(5):225-237. Figure: F1. All organisms Mus musculus Homo sapiens

Disease mentions