Interplay between autophagy and intracellular pathogens

The interplay between autophagy and intracellular pathogens. Pathogen engulfment by antigen presenting cells (e.g., macrophage) and PRRs (TLR, NOD, p62) signaling induce the initiation of autophagic machinery (Ukl1/2 and PI3 K-Beclin1-Atg14 complex) and the formation of autophagosome (LC3B II), resulting in pathogen elimination by autolysosomal degradation (e.g., Salmonella). Th1 immune rensponse (IFNγ) further enhances the autophagic process. In parallel, autophagic pathway intersects the endosomal network and targets microbial antigens of phagocytosed pathogens to MHC II loading compartment (MIIC), promoting endogenous MHC II antigen presentation. Zoonotic intracellular pathogens juxtapose different mechanisms to manipulate autophagy aiming to survival and chronic parasitism, such as block (e.g., Brucella) or delay (e.g., Coxiella) of autophagolysosomal fusion, inhibition of the initiation of the autophagic machinery (e.g., cytoplasmic Listeria) and induction of autophagy in order to receive nutrition supplies (e.g., Toxoplasma). Red lines indicate negative effect. ER; endoplasmic reticulum, Ub; ubiquitin, CV; containing vacuoles, PV; parasitophorous vacuoles.

Publication

Host Cell Autophagy in Immune Response to Zoonotic Infections. (2012) Panagiotis Skendros, et al. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:910525. Figure: F1. All organisms Drosophila melanogaster Homo sapiens

Disease mentions