Axial and appendicular cartilage

A two-step model for generation of axial and appendicular cartilage. (A) Naivepresomitic mesoderm (psm) responds to BMPs by assuming lateral plate fates (red); following its conversion into sclerotome (blue) by Shh, these cells respond to the same BMP signal by differentiating into chondrocytes (purple). (B) In the early limb bud, exogenous BMPs induce apoptosis (red); it is likely that endogenous BMPs also play a patterning role at this stage. As the limb bud matures, BMPs are necessary and sufficient to convert prechondrocytes (blue) into chondrocytes (purple), as in the somite. The scapula and ribs, which develop independently of Shh from the lateral somite, may follow a pathway similar to that of the limb bud. It is suggested that in all of these tissues a hypothetical factor ‘C’ acts to promote the later, chondrogenic response to BMP signaling.

Publication

Sonic hedgehog promotes somitic chondrogenesis by altering the cellular response to BMP signaling. (1999) L. Charles Murtaugh, et al. Genes Dev. 1999 Jan 15;13(2):225-237. Figure: F7. Homo sapiens

Disease mentions