Simplified schematic version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling cascade

Simplified schematic version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling cascade. Stimulation of EGFR by ligands such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) results in dimerization and phosphorylation of the receptor. This triggers activation of K-ras through the small adaptor proteins Grb2 and Sos. K-ras functions as the central distributor of the signal via both phospho-inositol kinases (P3K) and BRAF. PI3K inhibits apoptosis through AKT activation, while BRAF stimulates cell growth and proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The BRAF kinase is downstream of K-ras, and this explains why wild-type status of both K-ras and BRAF are necessary for EGFR blockade to work.
Simplified schematic version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling cascade
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Publication

The Role of Oncogenes in Gastrointestinal Cancer. (2010) Emmanouil P. Pappou, et al. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2010 Nov-Dec;(Suppl 1):S2-S15. Figure: F1.

Gene mentions


Organism Group Word Match Source NCBI Symbol NCBI ID
Homo sapiens Primates EGF, EGF ncbigene_symbol EGF 1950
Homo sapiens Primates TGF-a, TGFA ncbigene_symbol TGFA 7039
Homo sapiens Primates EGFR EGFR ncbigene_symbol EGFR 1956
Homo sapiens Primates Grb2 GRB2 ncbigene_symbol GRB2 2885
Homo sapiens Primates SOS SOS ncbigene_synonym XYLT2 64132
Homo sapiens Primates SOS SOS famplex_relations SOS1 6654
Homo sapiens Primates SOS SOS famplex_relations SOS2 6655
Homo sapiens Primates K-ras K-RAS ncbigene_synonym KRAS 3845
Homo sapiens Primates BRAF BRAF ncbigene_symbol BRAF 673
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym PIK3CA 5290
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym PIK3CB 5291
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym PIK3CD 5293
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym PIK3CG 5294
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R3 8503
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R4 30849
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R5 23533
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R6 146850
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R1 5295
Homo sapiens Primates PI3K PI3K famplex_relations PIK3R2 5296
Homo sapiens Primates MEK MEK ncbigene_synonym MAP2K7 5609
Homo sapiens Primates MEK MEK famplex_relations MAP2K1 5604
Homo sapiens Primates MEK MEK famplex_relations MAP2K2 5605
Homo sapiens Primates AKT AKT ncbigene_synonym AKT1 207
Homo sapiens Primates AKT AKT famplex_relations AKT2 208
Homo sapiens Primates AKT AKT famplex_relations AKT3 10000
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK1 5594
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK3 5595
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK11 5600
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK12 6300
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK13 5603
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK14 1432
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK8 5599
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK9 5601
Homo sapiens Primates MAPK MAPK famplex_relations MAPK10 5602
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates EGF, EGF ncbigene_synonym Egfr 37455
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Grb2 GRB2 ncbigene_synonym drk 36497
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates SOS SOS ncbigene_symbol Sos 34790
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates K-ras KRA ncbigene_symbol kra 40680
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates K-ras KRA ncbigene_synonym kraken 33265
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates K-ras KRA ncbigene_synonym Myd88 35956
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym Pi3K21B 33203
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym Pi3K59F 37733
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym Pi3K68D 39329
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates PI3K PI3K ncbigene_synonym Pi3K92E 42446
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates MEK MEK ncbigene_synonym Dsor1 31872
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates MEK MEK ncbigene_synonym Mtk 36708
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates AKT AKT ncbigene_symbol Akt 41957
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates MAPK MAPK ncbigene_synonym MKP-4 32963
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates MAPK MAPK ncbigene_synonym p38b 34780
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates MAPK MAPK ncbigene_synonym rl 3354888
Danio rerio Vertebrates EGF, EGF ncbigene_symbol egf 403045
Danio rerio Vertebrates EGF, EGF ncbigene_synonym celsr1a 368436
Danio rerio Vertebrates TGF-a, TGFA ncbigene_symbol tgfa 100034402
Danio rerio Vertebrates EGFR EGFR ncbigene_synonym egfra 378478
Danio rerio Vertebrates Grb2 GRB2 ncbigene_synonym grb2b 406308
Danio rerio Vertebrates K-ras K-RAS ncbigene_synonym kras 445289
Danio rerio Vertebrates BRAF BRAF ncbigene_symbol braf 403065
Danio rerio Vertebrates BRAF BRAF ncbigene_synonym si:dkey-222f8.3 561722

Chemical mentions

Word Match MeSH Name ChEBI

Disease mentions

Word Match MeSH Name DOID
Cancer NA