Mitochondria and the synthesis of phospholipids

Mitochondria and the synthesis of phospholipids. (A) Schematic summary of phospholipid biosynthesis. Cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond in CDP-DAG provides the energetic driving force to catalytically replace CMP with inositol, G3P, or serine to form PI, PGP, or PS, respectively, using specific synthetic enzymes. PGP is dephosphorylated to produce PG. CL is synthesized from PG and CDP-DAG substrates with the catalytic cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond in the latter substrate providing the chemical energy to transfer the PA moiety to the vacant primary hydroxyl of PG. PS can be decarboxylated to PE, which in turn can be methylated to yield PC. Alternatively, PE and PC can be synthesized via an enzymatic cascade known as the Kennedy pathway. See Mitochondrial phospholipid biosynthesis for further details. Cho, choline; Etn, ethanolamine; MLCL, monolyso-CL; P-Cho, phosphocholine; P-Etn, phosphoethanolamine. (B and C) Membrane topology and lipid transport events in the synthesis of CL (B) and aminoglycerophospholipids (PE and PC; C). Yeast biosynthetic enzymes are indicated. PA synthesized in the ER or mitochondria drive biosynthetic reactions. CDP-DAG may derive from the ER/MAM or be generated at the mitochondrial inner membrane by the action of CDP-DAG synthase (Cds1; ). IM, mitochondrial inner membrane; OM, mitochondrial outer membrane.

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Making heads or tails of phospholipids in mitochondria. (2011) Christof Osman, et al. J Cell Biol. 2011 Jan 10;192(1):7-16. Figure: F2. All organisms Drosophila melanogaster Homo sapiens

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