BMP signal transduction

BMP signal transduction. BMP signaling is transduced by both type I and type II transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors. BMPs bind to the heteromeric complex of type I and type II receptors. Subsequently, type II receptor phosphorylates type I receptor, which in turn facilitates phosphorylation of R-Smads (Smad1, 5, and 8). R-Smads directly interact with activated type I receptor and are released upon phosphorylation. Following the release from the receptor complex, R-Smads complex with Co-Smad (Smad4) and translocate into the nucleus to modulate the transcription of target genes (canonical BMP-Smad pathway). Independent of the Smads, BMPs may transduce signal via the MAPK p38 pathway. Endogenous mechanisms of BMP signaling inhibition include extracellular antagonists such as noggin and chordin, inhibitory Smads (Smad6 and 7), Sno/Ski, and Smurfs. The small molecule inhibitor dorsomorphin inhibits type I BMP receptors. →: stimuation, ┆---: inhibition, BMPs: bone morphogenetic protein, BMPR: BMP receptor, pSmad: phosphorylated Smad, Smurf: Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor, XIAP: human X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, TAK1: TGFβ-activated kinase 1, NLK: Nemo-like kinase, JNK: Jun kinase, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Publication

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling: Implications in Urology. (2010) Jeongyun Jeong, et al. Korean J Urol. 2010 Aug;51(8):511-517. Figure: F1. All organisms Mus musculus Homo sapiens Danio rerio Xenopus laevis

Disease mentions