TOR-dependent control of autophagy: biting the hand that feeds

Multiple inputs regulate activity of the TOR/Raptor/Lst8 complex (TORC1) through redundant upstream signaling pathways. Interactions leading to activation of a downstream component are indicated by arrows; those that inhibit are indicated by a bar. The canonical Tsc1/Tsc2-dependent TOR pathway is indicated by the blue lines. Recently described Tsc1/Tsc2-independent signals are shown in red. Decreases in cellular energy level (ATP/AMP ratio) cause phosphorylation of Raptor by the AMP-dependent protein kinase, leading to 14-3-3 mediated inhibition of TORC1 []. In response to insulin and other growth factors, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates PRAS40 (not shown), an inhibitor of TORC1 [–]. Decreases in cellular oxygen levels lead to increased expression of hypoxia-induced genes, including Bnip3, which binds and inhibits the small GTPase Rheb [].
TOR-dependent control of autophagy: biting the hand that feeds
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Publication

TOR-dependent control of autophagy: biting the hand that feeds. () Thomas P. Neufeld. Curr Opin Cell Biol. ;22(2):157-168. Figure: F1.

Gene mentions


Organism Group Word Match Source NCBI Symbol NCBI ID
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Akt AKT ncbigene_symbol Akt 41957
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates AMP AMP ncbigene_synonym Amph 36383
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Bnip3 BNIP3 ncbigene_symbol BNIP3 40278
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Tsc1 TSC1 ncbigene_symbol Tsc1 42862
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Tsc1/2 TSC2 ncbigene_synonym gig 40201
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Rheb RHEB ncbigene_symbol Rheb 117332
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Raptor RAPTOR ncbigene_symbol raptor 31543
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Lst8 LST8 ncbigene_symbol Lst8 31903
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates TOR TOR ncbigene_symbol tor 35717
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates TOR TOR ncbigene_symbol Tor 47396
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates TOR TOR ncbigene_synonym Egfr 37455
Homo sapiens Primates Akt AKT ncbigene_synonym AKT1 207
Homo sapiens Primates Akt AKT famplex_relations AKT2 208
Homo sapiens Primates Akt AKT famplex_relations AKT3 10000
Homo sapiens Primates Redd1 REDD1 ncbigene_synonym DDIT4 54541
Homo sapiens Primates AMP AMP ncbigene_synonym APRT 353
Homo sapiens Primates AMP AMP ncbigene_synonym MFAP1 4236
Homo sapiens Primates Bnip3 BNIP3 ncbigene_symbol BNIP3 664
Homo sapiens Primates Tsc1 TSC1 ncbigene_symbol TSC1 7248
Homo sapiens Primates Tsc1 TSC1 ncbigene_synonym CCL26 10344
Homo sapiens Primates Tsc1/2 TSC2 ncbigene_symbol TSC2 7249
Homo sapiens Primates Rheb RHEB ncbigene_symbol RHEB 6009
Homo sapiens Primates Rheb RHEB ncbigene_synonym RHEBP1 6008
Homo sapiens Primates Lst8 LST8 ncbigene_synonym MLST8 64223
Homo sapiens Primates TOR TOR ncbigene_synonym RORC 6097

Chemical mentions

Word Match MeSH Name ChEBI

Disease mentions

Word Match MeSH Name DOID