Activation of the G2/M checkpoint after DNA damage

Activation of the G2/M checkpoint after DNA damage. In response to DNA damage, the ATM, ATR signaling pathway is activated, which leads to the phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 and Chk2 and to the subsequent phosphorylation of Cdc25. Phosphorylated Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by 14-3-3 proteins, which prevents activation of cyclinB/Cdk1 by Cdc25 and results in G2 arrest. Activated ATM/ATR also activates p53-dependent signaling. This contributes to the maintenance of G2 arrest by upregulating 14-3-3, which sequesters Cdk1 in the cytoplasm. In addition, p53 induces the transactivation of p21, a Cdk inhibitor that binds to and inhibits cyclinB/Cdk1 complexes. P: phosphorylation.
Activation of the G2/M checkpoint after DNA damage
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Publication

Centrosome-associated regulators of the G2/M checkpoint as targets for cancer therapy. (2009) Yingmei Wang, et al. Mol Cancer. 2009;8:8-8. Figure: F1.

Gene mentions


Organism Group Word Match Source NCBI Symbol NCBI ID
Homo sapiens Primates ATP ATP ncbigene_synonym ATP8A2 51761
Homo sapiens Primates ATR ATR ncbigene_symbol ATR 545
Homo sapiens Primates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym ANTXR1 84168
Homo sapiens Primates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym MMAB 326625
Homo sapiens Primates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym SERPINA2 390502
Homo sapiens Primates ATM/ATR ATM ncbigene_symbol ATM 472
Homo sapiens Primates ADP ADP ncbigene_synonym WDTC1 23038
Homo sapiens Primates Chk1 CHK1 ncbigene_synonym CHEK1 1111
Homo sapiens Primates Chk2 CHK2 ncbigene_synonym CHEK2 11200
Homo sapiens Primates P53 P53 ncbigene_synonym TP53 7157
Homo sapiens Primates P53 P53 famplex_relations TP63 8626
Homo sapiens Primates P53 P53 famplex_relations TP73 7161
Homo sapiens Primates Plk1 PLK1 ncbigene_symbol PLK1 5347
Homo sapiens Primates 14-3-3 14-3-3 ncbigene_synonym YWHAQ 10971
Homo sapiens Primates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym CDKN1A 1026
Homo sapiens Primates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym TCEAL1 9338
Homo sapiens Primates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym NSG1 27065
Homo sapiens Primates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym H3P16 644914
Homo sapiens Primates Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym CDC25C 995
Homo sapiens Primates Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym RASGRF1 5923
Homo sapiens Primates Cdc25 CDC25 famplex_relations CDC25A 993
Homo sapiens Primates Cdc25 CDC25 famplex_relations CDC25B 994
Homo sapiens Primates APC APC ncbigene_symbol APC 324
Homo sapiens Primates APC APC ncbigene_synonym PROC 5624
Homo sapiens Primates wee1 WEE1 ncbigene_symbol WEE1 7465
Homo sapiens Primates CyclinB CYCLINB famplex_relations CCNB1 891
Homo sapiens Primates CyclinB CYCLINB famplex_relations CCNB2 9133
Homo sapiens Primates CyclinB CYCLINB famplex_relations CCNB3 85417
Homo sapiens Primates Cdk1 CDK1 ncbigene_symbol CDK1 983
Homo sapiens Primates Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_symbol MYT1 4661
Homo sapiens Primates Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_synonym PKMYT1 9088
Homo sapiens Primates G2 G2 ncbigene_synonym WARS1 7453
Mus musculus Rodents ATR ATR ncbigene_symbol Atr 245000
Mus musculus Rodents ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym Mmab 77697
Mus musculus Rodents ATM/ATR ATM ncbigene_symbol Atm 11920
Mus musculus Rodents ATM/ATR ATM ncbigene_synonym Tpm1 22003
Mus musculus Rodents ADP ADP ncbigene_synonym Wdtc1 230796
Mus musculus Rodents ADP ADP ncbigene_synonym Mdga2 320772
Mus musculus Rodents Chk1 CHK1 ncbigene_synonym Chek1 12649
Mus musculus Rodents Chk2 CHK2 ncbigene_synonym Chek2 50883
Mus musculus Rodents P53 P53 ncbigene_synonym Trp53 22059
Mus musculus Rodents Plk1 PLK1 ncbigene_symbol Plk1 18817
Mus musculus Rodents 14-3-3 14-3-3 ncbigene_synonym Sfn 55948
Mus musculus Rodents P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym Cdkn1a 12575
Mus musculus Rodents P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym Nsg1 18196
Mus musculus Rodents P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym Tpt1 22070
Mus musculus Rodents P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym Tceal1 237052
Mus musculus Rodents Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym Cdc25c 12532
Mus musculus Rodents Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym Rasgrf1 19417
Mus musculus Rodents AuroraA AURORAA ncbigene_synonym Aurka 20878
Mus musculus Rodents APC APC ncbigene_symbol Apc 11789
Mus musculus Rodents wee1 WEE1 ncbigene_symbol Wee1 22390
Mus musculus Rodents Cdk1 CDK1 ncbigene_symbol Cdk1 12534
Mus musculus Rodents Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_symbol Myt1 17932
Mus musculus Rodents Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_synonym Pkmyt1 268930
Mus musculus Rodents G2 G2 ncbigene_synonym Gabrg2 14406
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATP ATP ncbigene_synonym ATPsynbeta 43829
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATP ATP ncbigene_synonym Atpalpha 48971
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym mei-41 32608
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym put 41772
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATR ATR ncbigene_synonym RYa-R 43253
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ATM/ATR ATM ncbigene_synonym tefu 41839
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates ADP ADP ncbigene_symbol adp 37073
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Chk1 CHK1 ncbigene_synonym grp 34993
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Chk2 CHK2 ncbigene_synonym lok 35288
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates P53 P53 ncbigene_symbol p53 2768677
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates P53 P53 ncbigene_synonym betaTub60D 37888
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates P53 P53 ncbigene_synonym hth 41273
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Plk1 PLK1 ncbigene_synonym polo 40232
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates 14-3-3 14-3-3 ncbigene_synonym 14-3-3zeta 36059
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates 14-3-3 14-3-3 ncbigene_synonym 14-3-3epsilon 42186
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym dap 36001
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Cdc CDC ncbigene_synonym Cdk1 34411
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym twe 34954
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym stg 43466
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates APC APC ncbigene_symbol Apc 44642
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates APC APC ncbigene_synonym Apc2 42871
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates APC APC ncbigene_synonym Axn 43565
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates APC APC ncbigene_synonym Fs(3)Apc 49116
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates APC/C APC/C ncbigene_synonym fzr 45922
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates wee1 WEE1 ncbigene_symbol Wee1 33965
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates CyclinB CYCLINB ncbigene_synonym CycB 37618
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_symbol Myt1 38649
Drosophila melanogaster Invertebrates G2 G2 ncbigene_synonym anon-70Dc 5657482
Danio rerio Vertebrates ATR ATR ncbigene_symbol atr 567770
Danio rerio Vertebrates ATM/ATR ATM ncbigene_symbol atm 403064
Danio rerio Vertebrates P53 P53 ncbigene_synonym tp53 30590
Danio rerio Vertebrates Plk1 PLK1 ncbigene_symbol plk1 280649
Danio rerio Vertebrates P21 P21 ncbigene_synonym cdkn1a 100151416
Danio rerio Vertebrates Cdc25 CDC25 ncbigene_synonym cdc25b 57925
Danio rerio Vertebrates APC APC ncbigene_symbol apc 386762
Danio rerio Vertebrates wee1 WEE1 ncbigene_symbol wee1 327060
Danio rerio Vertebrates Cdk1 CDK1 ncbigene_symbol cdk1 80973
Danio rerio Vertebrates Myt1 MYT1 ncbigene_synonym myt1a 557002

Chemical mentions

Word Match MeSH Name ChEBI

Disease mentions

Word Match MeSH Name DOID