Glycerol biosynthesis and other major pathways contributing to cytosolic NAD+/NADH balance in S

Glycerol biosynthesis and other major pathways contributing to cytosolic NAD+/NADH balance in S. cerevisiae. All genes with roles in either increasing or abolishing glycerol formation as well as accumulating l-G3P are included. (A) Glycolytic pathway linked to the formation of glycerol, ethanol, and acetate. (B) Redox factor utilization during glutamate formation from 2-oxoglutarate modified per data from Nissen et al. () to reduce cytosolic NADH generation and glycerol formation. (C) Glycerol overproduction in S. cerevisiae, per data from Geertman et al. (), with formate dehydrogenase (FDH1) overexpression and formate feeding to generate an additional cytosolic NADH source. Gene names: ADH1, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALD4/5/6, cytosolic and mitochondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenases; GPD1/2, cytosolic l-G3P dehydrogenase; GPP1/2, l-glycerol 3-phosphatase; GUT2, mitochondrial FAD+-dependent G3P dehydrogenase; FDH1/2, formate dehydrogenase; NDE1/2, external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase; PDC1/2/5/6, PDC; TPI1, triosephosphate isomerase; GLT1, glutamate synthase (NADH); GLN1, glutamine synthetase; GDH1, glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+); GDH2, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+); FPS1, glycerol facilitator (glycerol export). FBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde phosphate; Pi, inorganic phosphate; NH4+, ammonium ions.

Publication

Progress in Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2008) Elke Nevoigt. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2008 Sep;72(3):379-412. Figure: F2. All organisms Homo sapiens Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C

Disease mentions