Flavonoid compounds exerting protective effects on SAH

Mechanisms of flavonoid compounds exerting protective effects on SAH. (A) Baicalin, baicalein and quercetin increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, while decreasing the MDA level, thus inhibiting oxidative damage. (B) Luteolin and baicalin inhibit oxidative damage by activating Nrf2, and luteolin also inhibits the NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response through regulating Nrf2. (C) Rutin inhibits the inflammatory response by inhibiting the RAGE-NF-κB pathway. (D) Apigenin inhibits the TLR4-induced inflammatory response. (E) Baicalin prevents t blood-brain barrier disruption by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9. (F) Puerarin attenuates apoptosis by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved Caspase-3 pathway. (G) Pinocembrin inhibits the inflammation mediated by NF-κB by promoting SIRT-1. (H) Scutellarin promotes the Erk5-KLF2-eNOS pathway, thus reducing CVS by promoting smooth muscle cell relaxation. (I) Baicalin maintains the expression levels of GPX4 protein and inhibits the ferroptosis after SAH. SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; OS, oxidative stress; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RKIP, RAF kinase inhibitor protein; CVS, cerebral vasospasm; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; BBB, blood-brain barrier

Publication

Protective effects of flavonoids against intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage (Review) (2024) Hanpeng Dong, et al. Exp Ther Med. 2024 Sep;28(3). Figure: F2. Homo sapiens

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