Hh signaling pathway

The Hh signaling pathway. When the Hh pathway is inactive, PTCH inhibits SMO, thereby preventing the production of active GLI (GLIA). GLI proteins are additionally sequestered by KIF7 and SUFU, partially degraded by E3 ubiquitin ligase, β-TrCP, and phosphorylated by PKA, GSK-3β, and CK1 to generate the repressor GLI (GLIR). The repressor GLI accumulates and inhibits Hh target gene transcription. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and delta hedgehog (Dhh) are Hh ligands in mammals. When Hh ligands bind to PTCH and co-receptors CDO, BOC, and GAS1, SMO facilitates the production of GLIA, which then activates the transcription of Hh target genes. Ginsenoside Rg3 stably binds to PTCH, inhibiting the activation of SMO. Rh2 and Rg3 inhibits accumulation of GLIA

Publication

Ginseng-derived compounds as potential anticancer agents targeting cancer stem cells (2024) Ji-Sun Lee, et al. J Ginseng Res. 2024 Mar 12;48(3). Figure: F4. Homo sapiens

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