Canonical pathways downstream of KRAS mutations

Canonical pathways downstream of KRAS mutations. KRAS mutation leads to permanent activation of the KRAS protein, activating several downstream pathways both directly (represented by components in green) and indirectly (represented by components in yellow) regulated by KRAS. Five pathways are directly under the control of KRAS: 1) the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, 2) the RalGDS pathway, 3) the TGF pathway, 4) the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, and 5) the JNK pathway. The JNK pathway is named after the final kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. The KRAS:1 indirectly regulates five pathways: 1) the p38-MAPK pathway, 2) the NF-kB pathway, 3) the Hippo-YAP pathway, 4) the Notch pathway, and 5) the Hedgehog pathway. (→direct regulated; --> indirectly regulated)

Publication

Impact of KRAS mutation on the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer (2024) Yiru Zhou, et al. Int J Biol Sci. 2024;20(5). Figure: F1. Homo sapiens

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