Major amino acid metabolic pathway involves AAD

The major amino acid metabolic pathway involves AAD. A.Homocysteine metabolism, B. Arginine metabolism, and C. Tryptophan metabolism. Hcy exacerbates vascular inflammation by inducing immune cells such as B cells and T cells, thereby increasing the incidence of AAD. Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase; SAM, s-adenosylmethionine; SAH, S adenosyl L homocysteine; MS, methionine synthetase; SAHH, S adeno sylhom ocysteine hydrolase; Tfh, follicular helper T cells; Th17, T helper cell 17; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; β2GP1, β2-Glycoprotein 1; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; IL-6, interleukin-6; Arg, arginase; Cys, cysteine; Ang 2, angiopoietin 1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; Sirt1, Sirtuin1; ARG1, arginase 1; ARG2, arginase 2; NO, nitric oxide; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EC, endothelial cell; NOX, NAD(P)H oxidase; 3-HK, 3-hydroxykynurenine; Kyn, kynurenine; QA, quinolinic acid; 3-HAA, 3-hydroxyaminobranoic acid; TDO, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase; IDO, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase

Publication

Targeting metabolism in aortic aneurysm and dissection: from basic research to clinical applications (2023) Qi Wang, et al. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19(12). Figure: F3. Homo sapiens

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